B9+-+Syllabus+Checklist

**B9. Inheritance**

 * ======Serial No====== || ====== **Assessment Statement.**  ======

//All candidates should be able to://
|| ======Covered in Class====== || ======Revised @ home====== || ======I am certain====== || ======I need help====== ||
 * ======**9.1 Chromosomes and genes**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Define //inheritance// as the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======Define the terms:======

• //allele// as any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
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 * ====== 3  ====== || ======Define the terms:======

• //diploid nucleus// as a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells).
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 * ====== 4  ====== || ======Describe the inheritance of sex in humans (XX and XY chromosomes).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ======**9.2 Cell division**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Define //mitosis// as nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells in which the chromosome number is maintained by the exact duplication of chromosomes (details of stages are **not** required).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======State the role of mitosis in growth, repair of damaged tissues, replacement of worn out cells and asexual reproduction.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 3  ====== || ======Define //meiosis// as reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid (details of stages are **not** required).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 4  ====== || ======State that gametes are the result of meiosis.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 5  ====== || ======State that meiosis results in genetic variation so the cells produced are not all genetically identical.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ======**9.3 Monohybrid inheritance**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Define the terms:====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || ======•//genotype// as the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (e.g. Tt or GG),====== ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ^  || ======•//phenotype// as the physical or other features of an organism due to both its genotype and its environment (e.g. tall plant or green seed),====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ^  || ======•//homozygous// as having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g. TT or gg). Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding,====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ^  || ======•//heterozygous// as having two different alleles of a particular gene (e.g. Tt or Gg), not pure-breeding,====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ^  || ======•//dominant// as an allele that is expressed if it is present (e.g. T or G),====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ^  || ======•//recessive// as an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present (e.g. t or g).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======Calculate and predict the results of monohybrid crosses involving 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 ratios.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ======**9.4 Variation and selection**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======State that continuous variation is influenced by genes and environment, resulting in a range of phenotypes between two extremes, e.g. height in humans.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======State that discontinuous variation is caused by genes alone and results in a limited======

number of distinct phenotypes with no intermediates e.g. A, B, AB and O blood groups in humans.
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 * ====== 3  ====== || ======Define //mutation// as a change in a gene or chromosome.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 4  ====== || ======Outline the effects of ionising radiation on the rate of mutation.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 5  ====== || ======Describe the role of artificial selection in the production of varieties of animals and plants with increased economic importance.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 6  ====== || ======Describe variation and state that competition leads to differential survival of, and reproduction by, those organisms best fitted to the environment====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 7  ====== || ======Define //natural selection// as the greater chance of passing on of genes by the best adapted organisms.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 8  ====== || ======Explain the importance of natural selection as a possible mechanism for evolution.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 9  ====== || ======Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of natural selection.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||