B8+-+Syllabus+Checklist

**B8. Reproduction**

 * ======Serial No====== || ====== **Assessment Statement.**  ======

//All candidates should be able to://
|| ======Covered in Class====== || ======Revised @ home====== || ======I am certain====== || ======I need help====== ||
 * ======**8.1 Asexual and sexual reproduction**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Define //asexual reproduction// as the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a species of asexual reproduction====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 3  ====== || ======Define //sexual reproduction// as the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 4  ====== || ======Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a species of sexual reproduction.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ======**8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Identify and draw, using a hand lens if necessary, the sepals, petals, stamens, anthers, carpels, ovaries and stigmas of one, locally available, named, insect-pollinated, dicotyledonous flower, and examine the pollen grains under a light microscope or in photomicrographs.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======Use a hand lens to identify and describe the anthers and stigmas of one, locally available, named, wind-pollinated flower.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 3  ====== || ======State the functions of the sepals, petals, anthers, stigmas and ovaries.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 4  ====== || ======Candidates should expect to apply their understanding of the flowers they have studied to unfamiliar flowers.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 5  ====== || ======Define //pollination// as the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant======

(anther of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma).
||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 6  ====== || ======Name the agents of pollination.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 7  ====== || ======Compare the different structural adaptations of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 8  ====== || ======Investigate and state the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds: requirement for water and oxygen, suitable temperature.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 9  ====== || ======Investigate and describe the structure of a non-endospermic seed in terms of the======

embryo (radicle, plumule and cotyledons) and testa, protected by the fruit.
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 * ====== 10  ====== || ======State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals provides a means of colonising new areas.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 11  ====== || ======Describe, using named examples, seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ======**8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans**====== ||
 * ====== 1  ====== || ======Identify on diagrams of the male reproductive system, the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis, and state the functions of these parts.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 2  ====== || ======Compare male and female gametes in terms of size, numbers and mobility.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 3  ====== || ======Identify on diagrams of the female reproductive system, the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina, and state the functions of these parts.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 4  ====== || ======Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the uterus and ovaries.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 5  ====== || ======Describe fertilisation in terms of the joining of the nuclei of male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 6  ====== || ======Outline early development of the zygote simply in terms of the formation of a ball of cells that becomes implanted in the wall of the uterus.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 7  ====== || ======Indicate the functions of the amniotic sac and amniotic fluid.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 8  ====== || ======Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products (no structural details are required).====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 9  ====== || ======Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 10  ====== || ======Describe the methods of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the ways in which HIV/AIDS can be prevented from spreading.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ====== 11  ====== || ======Outline how HIV affects the immune system in a person with HIV/AIDS.====== ||   ||   ||   ||   ||