C8+-+Syllabus+Checklist

**C8. Acids, bases and salts **

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 * ======**8.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases **====== ||
 * ====== 1 ====== || ======Describe neutrality and relative acidity and alkalinity in terms of pH (whole numbers only) measured using full-range indicator and litmus. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ====== 2 ====== || ======Describe the characteristic reactions between acids and metals, bases (including alkalis) and carbonates. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ====== 3 ====== || ======Describe and explain the importance of controlling acidity in the environment (air, water and soil). ======

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 * ======**8.2 Types of oxides **====== ||
 * ====== 1 ====== || ======<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Classify oxides as acidic or basic, related to metallic and non-metallic character of the other element. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ====== <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2 ====== || ======<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Further classify some other oxides as neutral, given relevant information. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ======**<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">8.3 Preparation of salts **====== ||
 * ====== <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1 ====== || ======<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Describe the preparation, separation and purification of salts using techniques selected from section C2.1 and the reactions specified in section C8.1. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ====== <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2 ====== || ======<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Suggest a method of making a given salt from suitable starting materials, given appropriate information. ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ======**<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">8.4 Identification of ions and gases **====== ||
 * ====== <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1 ====== || ======<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">Use the following tests to identify: ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ====== ====== || ======**<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">aqueous cations: **======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">• //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">ammonium //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">, //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">copper( ////<span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">II ////<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">) //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">, //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">iron( ////<span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">II ////<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">) //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">, //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">iron( ////<span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">III ////<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">) //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">and //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">zinc //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of aqueous sodium <span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">hydroxide and aqueous ammonia as <span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">appropriate. (Formulae of complex ions <span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">are **<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">not **<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">required.) ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ^  || ======**<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">anions: **======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">carbonate //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of dilute acid and then limewater, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">chloride //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of aqueous silver nitrate under acidic conditions, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">nitrate //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by reduction with aluminium, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">sulfate //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of aqueous barium ions under acidic conditions, ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== || ====== ====== ||
 * ^  || ======**<span style="font-family: "Univers-Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">gases: **======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">ammonia //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of damp red litmus paper, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">carbon dioxide //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of limewater, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">chlorine //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of damp litmus paper, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">hydrogen //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of a lighted splint, ======

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<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;"> • //<span style="font-family: "Univers-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">oxygen //<span style="font-family: "UniversLT-Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.33px;">by means of a glowing splint. ====== || ||  ||   ||   ||